Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.     

鲤头长、体厚、体高性状的QTL定位及遗传效应分析

用174个SSR、41个EST、345个SNP标记对以镜鲤良种后代为祖父母本所培育的杂交F2群体的68个个体进行基因型检测,运用JoinMap4.0软件包构建遗传连锁图。利用MapQTL5.0区间作图法(interval mapping,IM)和多QTL区间定位法(MQM mapping,MQM)进行QTL检测,通过置换实验(1000次重复)确定连锁群显著性水平阈值。在对体高、头长、体厚的区间定位中,共检测到6个与体高性状相关的QTLs区间,分布在LG1(SNP1339-SNP1490)、LG10(HLJE469-SNP1491)、LG12(SNP0922-HLJ1316)、LG13(SNP0937-HLJ328)、LG25(SNP1041-HLJ594)、LG35(SNP1425-SNP0389)等6个连锁群上,解释表型变异范围为20.0%～43.3%。其中,SNP1339-SNP1490区间LOD值最大为3.64,解释表型变异35.4%。6个与头长相关的QTLs,分布在LG1(SNP1339-SNP1490)、LG12(HLJ071-HLJ336)、LG13(SNP0937-HLJ328)、LG24(SN...     

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance,body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp,Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂

A 6‐month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) and free gossypol (FG) on allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂ with 4 replicates of each treatment. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with the 0 g kg^?1 (control), 200 g kg^?1, 400 g kg^?1, and 560 g kg^?1 CSM. Diets with FG were made by supplementing batches of control diet with 214 mg kg^?1, 428 mg kg^?1, and 642 mg kg^?1. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio increased significantly up to an inclusion level of CSM of 400 g kg^?1 in the diet, with a significant decrease in food conversion ratio. Further increase in CSM to 560 g kg^?1 did not cause further changes in fish performance. Free gossypol did not affect fish performance significantly at any inclusion level. Neither CSM nor FG caused significant effects in any of the other evaluated parameters such as whole body composition, haemoglobin concentration, activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and histology of hepatic tissues and midgut. Our results suggested that crucian carp can tolerate at least 642 mg kg^?1 FG and that it is safe to including 400 g kg^?1 CSM in crucian carp feed.     

The pigmenting effect of different carotenoids on fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The optimal concentration of a panel of individual and combined carotenoid sources on skin pigmentation in fancy carp was investigated by nine experimental diets that were formulated and supplemented with astaxanthin at 25 mg kg^?1, lutein at 25 and 50 mg kg^?1, β‐carotene at 25, 50 and 75 mg kg^?1, and lutein combined with β‐carotene at 25 : 25 and 50 : 50 mg kg^?1, while a diet without supplemented carotenoid served as a control. The results showed that serum TC of fish fed diets containing supplemented with lutein plus β‐carotene at 25 : 25; 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet were higher than the other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Serum TC of the respective treatments was 6.2 ± 2.0, 7.8 ± 3.3 and 7.3 ± 1.9 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. Fish fed diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet had serum astaxanthin concentrations similar to fish fed the diet with astaxanthin alone at 25 mg kg^?1. Serum astaxanthin concentrations was 0.7 ± 0.01, 0.9 ± 0.01, 0.4 ± 0.02 and 1.7 ± 0.18 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. The chromaticity of fish body skin of red and white position was assessed by colourimetry using the CIE L*a*b (CIELAB) system. Pigmentation response of skin redness of fancy carp fed with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were higher than other treatments (P ≤ 0.05) but they were similar to fish fed with 25 mg kg^?1 astaxanthin diet. The redness (a* values) of fish fed diets with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were 28.3 ± 0.53, 29.9 ± 1.38, 28.8 ± 3.95 and 28.5 ± 2.49, respectively. After 3 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, the fish fed on a diet without carotenoid supplement for one week demonstrated that the same three groups still retained their redness and had an overall tendency to improve skin colouring. Finally, concentrations 50 mg kg^?1 of lutein, or the combination of lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25 mg kg^?1 showed the highest efficiency for improving skin pigmentation and redness of skin.     

Effect of dietary thiamin supplement on immune responses and intestinal microflora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

This study was to investigate the effect of dietary thiamin on the immune response and intestinal microflora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Seven diets (0.25, 0.48, 0.79, 1.06, 1.37, 1.63 and 2.65 mg thiamin kg^?1) were fed to Jian carp (8.20 ± 0.02 g). At the end of feeding trial, red blood cell counts and white blood cell counts increased with increasing dietary thiamin levels up to 0.79 and 1.06 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively (P < 0.05); Lactobacillus counts in intestine increased gradually, and maximum values obtained when the thiamin level was at 0.79 mg kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). After the feeding trial, fish were injected with Aeromonas hydrophila only one time on the first day of the challenge trial and fed the same diets as the growth trial for 17 days. The survival rate, leucocyte phagocytic activity, lectin potency, acid phosphatase activity, lysozyme activity, total iron‐binding capacity and immunoglobulin M content of fish after being injected with A. hydrophila were all improved with increasing dietary thiamin levels up to a point, respectively (P < 0.05). These results suggested that thiamin could improve immune response and the balance of intestinal microflora of juvenile Jian carp.     

Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish.Study designClinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species.AnimalsA total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used.MethodsSilver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L^–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L^–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L^–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment.ResultsCitral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL^–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L^–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L^–1. At 675 and 600 μL L^–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCitral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish.     

维生素K3对松浦镜鲤体成分、肉质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同水平的维生素K3 对松浦镜鲤体成分、肉质和抗氧化能力的影响.在以豆粕和鱼粉为蛋白质源的基础饲料(维生素K1 含量为0.54 mg/kg)中分别添加0、5、10、20、40、80和2 000 mg/kg的维生素K3(甲萘醌烟酰胺亚硫酸盐),配制成7种试验饲料.选取初始体重为(2.58±0.16...     

异育银鲫幼鱼饲料中血球蛋白粉与鱼粉的适宜比例

本研究分别以豆油和磷酸二氢钙平衡饲料总油脂和总磷水平,以血球蛋白粉和鱼粉交叉组合平衡总氮水平,在等氮等油脂等磷条件下研究血球蛋白粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫幼鱼生长性能的影响,探讨以饲料原料优化组合来实现血球蛋白粉对鱼粉替代的可行性.将初始平均体重为(18.40±1.07)g的异育银鲫幼鱼270尾随机分为6组,每组设3个重复,...     

鲤春病毒血症病毒单克隆抗体制备及鉴定

为制备鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究用纯化的SVCV免疫BALB/c鼠,通过杂交瘤细胞技术,制备2株抗SVCV的MAb,分别命名为2A3和3H7。经间接ELISA检测腹水效价为1:10240和1:12150。亚类鉴定证实,这2株亚类均为IgG1型。经非竞争酶免疫试验测定2A3和3H7的抗体亲和力常数分别为4.86×108L/mol和1.86×109L/mol,3H7相对亲和力高于2A3。MAb 2A3和3H7的饱和度均为1:400,叠加试验所得增值指数为63.2%,大于50%。抗体反应增值结果表明:两株MAb分别针对不同抗原位点。免疫印迹分析检测表明,两株纯化的MAb均可与SVCV抗原发生特异反应。     

鲤春病毒血症病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其特性鉴定

为获得针对鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)特异性的单克隆抗体(MAb),以纯化的SVCV为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠.将免疫鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,采用间接ELISA法筛选获得4个能稳定分泌抗SVCV MAb的杂交瘤细胞株;4个杂交瘤细胞制备腹水的MAb效价为1:160 000～1:640 000.亚型鉴定结果表明,这些MAb分属2个亚型(1F1、3E1,IgG2a;3F5、4F9,IgGl),轻链均为K链.Western blot分析显示,MAb1F1、3F5、4F9能特异性地识别SVCV的N蛋白(47 ku),3E1能特异性地识别SVCV的G蛋白(69 ku).采用相加ELISA法对抗原表位分析结果显示,1F1、3F5、4F9可能识别相同的表位,3E1则识别不同的表位.间接免疫荧光试验结果显示4株MAb均能对染毒病灶产生特异性的荧光染色.这些MAb的制备为SVCV免疫学检测方法的建立奠定了基础.